The correct answer would be option C, Negative Reinforcement.
A behavioral psychologist would observe that your studying behavior has been conditioned through negative reinforcement.
Explanation:
Negative Reinforcement is a concept that is given by B.F Skinner. He present his theory of Operant Conditioning in which he explained about negative and positive reinforcement, and negative and positive punishment.
According to Skinner, A negative reinforcement is something when a behavior or response is strengthened by removing or avoiding a negative outcome. For example, when a child do the dishes to avoid her mother's nagging.
Similarly, study to avoid bad grades is the example of negative reinforcement.
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Answer:
Religious belief may influence trade in two ways. First, a shared religious belief may enhance trust and therefore reduce transaction costs between trading partners. This effect should be particularly important for goods that are sensitive to trust.
Explanation:
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Lillian in the given case most likely has borderline personality disorder.
More about the borderline personality disorder:
The mental health illness known as borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterised by impulsivity, interpersonal relationship instability, and significant mood swings.
One of the "Cluster B" personality disorders, which are characterised by dramatic and unpredictable behaviours, is borderline personality disorder. Personality disorders are characterised by persistent, rigid, dysfunctional behaviour patterns that cause social problems and discomfort.
Normally by emerging twenties, borderline personality disorder manifests itself. Young adulthood seems to be when the problem is worse, and it may progressively become better as people age.
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