Answer:
Incomplete Penetrance. Some genes are incompletely penetrant.
Sex-limited genes are ones that are inherited by both men and women but are normally only expressed in the phenotype of one of them. The heavy male beard is an example.
Pleiotropy. A single gene may be responsible for a variety of traits.
Stuttering Alleles.
Explanation:
I believe the answer is a mineral's crystal shape is determined by its atomic structure.
The circulatory or cardiovascular system's ability to deliver oxygen throughout the body depends on proper functioning of the respiratory system. The interactions between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are best demonstrated by following the path of a red blood cell starting in the heart and traveling through the lungs.
A red blood cell that has just returned from delivering oxygen and that has brought back carbon dioxide would be in the right upper chamber of the heart or in the right atrium. When the atrium contracts, the cell is pumped into the right lower chamber of the heart, or the right ventricle. When that ventricle contracts, the red blood cell is pumped out of the heart through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
In the lungs, the red blood cell enters tiny blood vessels that come into close contact with the walls of the alveoli air sacs of the lungs. The carbon dioxide in the red blood cell passes through the walls into the alveoli while the oxygen in the alveoli air passes into the red blood cell. The red blood cell then returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein.
From the pulmonary vein, the red blood cell enters the left atrium of the heart and then the left ventricle. The part of the heart muscle powering the left ventricle is very strong because it has to push the blood out to the whole body. The red blood cell is pumped out of the left ventricle via the aorta artery and eventually reaches the capillaries leading to the individual cells. There the cells absorb the oxygen from the red blood cell and pass on their waste carbon dioxide. The red blood cell returns to the right atrium of the heart via the veins to complete the cycle.
These circulatory and respiratory system interactions are ones that humans and higher animals such as mammals and birds share and that represent one of the basic functions of their bodies. Only when these two systems work and interact properly can the human or animal carry out other functions such as looking for food or reproducing.
Enveloped viral membranes are generally (C)lipid bilayers with associated virus-specific (C)glycoproteins.
Viruses are intracellular parasites that hijack the cellular machinery for their own replication. Therefore, an essential step in the viral life cycle is the transfer of the viral genome into cells. Enveloped viruses (viruses with a lipid envelope) use a two-step process to release their genetic material into the cell.
It first binds to specific surface receptors on target cell membranes and then fuses with these. Viruses and cell membranes. This last step can occur at the cell surface or after internalization of the virus particle by endocytosis or another pathway (such as micropinocytosis).
Strikingly, the virus-cell-membrane fusion process proceeds along essentially the same intermediate steps as other membrane fusions that occur, for example, in vesicle fusion at neural synapses or cell-cell fusion in yeast mating. Fusogens, special viral proteins, facilitate the fusion of viruses and cell membranes.
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Answer:
Two
Explanation:
A male and female cromosome
