B. Free Will
<h2>Further Explanation
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Humanistic
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Humanistic theory is a flow in psychology that emerged in the 1950s as a reaction to behaviorism and psychodynamics 48. This stream explicitly paid attention to the human dimension of psychology and human context in the development of psychological theories.
This problem is summarized in the five postulates of Humanistic Psychology from James Bugental (1964), as follows:
- Humans cannot be reduced to components.
- Humans have a unique context in themselves.
- Human awareness includes self-awareness in the context of others.
- Humans have choices and responsibilities.
- Humans are intentional, they look for meaning, values, and have creativity.
This humanistic approach has roots in existentialism thinking with figures such as Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Sartre.
One well-known figure in the theory of humanistic psychology is Carl Rogers.
Rogers (1902-1987) became famous thanks to the therapeutic method he developed, which is client-centered therapy. The technique is widespread in education, guidance, and social workers.
<h3>Behavioristic
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The meaning of behavior is the behavior carried out either by organisms, systems, or artificial entities in relation to themselves or their environment that includes other systems or organisms around. Behavioristic learning theory itself is a learning theory that prioritizes changes in student behavior as a result of stimulus and response. In other words, learning is a form of change experienced by students in terms of their abilities aimed at changing behavior by means of interaction between stimulus and response. Behavioral learning theory was discovered by several scientists namely Ivan Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike, and Skinner. The following theories they developed.
<h3>Psychodynamics
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It is said psychodynamic because this theory is based on the assumption that behavior originates from movements and interactions in the human mind, then the mind stimulates behavior and both influence and influences each other by their social environment.
Psychodynamic theory or clinical tradition departs from two basic assumptions. First, humans are part of the animal world. Second, humans are part of the energy system, in the form of attachment, and motivation. Each of our actions is the result of interaction and balance between the three systems. The main key to understanding humans according to the psychodynamic paradigm is to recognize all the sources of behavior, both conscious and unconscious impulses.
<h3>3 developments in human personality:
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- ID (instinct & satisfaction drive)
- Ego (reasoning power, mental processes, healthy thoughts, reality)
- Superego (social values)
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difference between the humanists and both the behaviorists and psychodynamic theorists brainly.com/question/12449125
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Grade: High School
Subject: Social Studies
keywords: humanists, behaviorists, psychodynamic.
