Many people talk about academic excellence — but who or what really defines this elusive quality?
Michèle Lamont, Robert I. Goldman Professor of European Studies and professor of sociology and of African and African American studies, analyzes the system of peer review in her new book “How Professors Think: Inside the Curious World of Academic Judgment” (Harvard University Press, 2009). By examining the process of scholarly evaluation, she also addresses larger questions about academia.
“In some ways studying peer evaluation and review is a point of entry into a much broader issue, which is the issue of meritocracy in American higher education,” says Lamont.
To research the book, Lamont interviewed panelists from research councils and societies of fellows who were evaluating proposals for research funding in the social sciences and the humanities.
Lamont explains that academics must constantly make evaluations, whether of scientific findings or of graduate students. Expertise, personal taste, and the perspective of the evaluator play into the decision-making process, she writes.
“A lot of what the book does is to look at what criteria people use to judge and what meaning they give to these criteria,” says Lamont. “So for instance, what do they mean by ‘significance’ and what do they mean by ‘originality’? How does the definition of ‘originality’ and ‘significance’ vary between philosophy and economics? How strong is the consensus between fields?
Answer:
option A
Explanation:
the correct answer is option A
In the early period of time barter system is used in which goods were exchanged with goods.
If you want to buy an article then you can do it with the help of money and if you want to sell that article that also you can do with the help of money so, we can say that money is a medium of exchange.
<span>Swift wrote for the Whigs. Mr. Jonathan Swift was an Anglo-IRissh essayist and political pamphleteer. He wrote for the Whigs first, then followed by for the Tories. He is also a poet and a cleric who became A Dean. He worked with St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin as a Dean. The Gulliver's Travels is one of his works.</span>
