The Ottoman Empire. When one European power annexed a part of its crumbling power, it caused concern that they might get it all. The other European powers wanted a chance at picking it apart too.
Artisans organized medieval crafting guilds for a very good reason - it was mostly because it benefited themselves. They found out that if they stuck together and helped each other out in certain times, it was beneficial for them as they could earn more and have less "stress" with not having jobs or enough equimpent or knowledge.
Answer:
The black death came from fleas. Rats in China had these fleas, and they found their way to Europe. The black death spread so easily because a) there was no proper hygiene, b) cities were often crowded and animals would walk around the streets with humans, c) the 'treatments' that doctors had really didn't have anything to do with the black death. In the end, the black death ended up killing 1/3 of Europe's population and was actually one of the reasons why the feudal system ended.
It made it easier & made jobs for the slaves
He educated himself and his people and negotiated to maintain independence
