Molecular clocks use rates of mutation to measure evolutionary time.Mutations add up at a fairly constant rate in the DNA of species that evolved from a common ancestor. The more mutations that happened in each lineage, the greater is the differences between these lineages.
Oparin-Haldane hypothesis. The Oparin-Haldane hypothesis is named after the two scientists; <span>Russian scientist Aleksandr Oparin and English scientist J. B. S. Haldane. The two scientists separately hypothesized that life began when some inorganic molecules were converted into organic molecules specifically amino acids by the help of energy came from a lightning struck.</span>
1. Chromosome condense (Prophase)
2. Spindle fibers form (Prophase)
3. Chromosomes allign in the center of the cell (Metaphase)
4. Chromosomes separate (Anaphase)
5. Cell membrane pinches (Telophase and Cytokenesis)
6. Spindle fibers disappear (Conclusion of Cytokenesis)
Hormones
The endocrine system includes various glands in the body that are responsible for secreting hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical substances produced by the body that regulate certain functions of cells and organs. Hormones can regulate sleep, sex, growth, stress, huger, metabolism, etc.
