To your first question--James Madison is widely known as the architect of the US Constitution (Although in reality it was the result of team work by 56 delegates).
To your second question--The six key principles outlined in the US Constitution are:
1. Popular Sovereignty (i.e. democracy or rule by the people)
2. Limited Government (i.e. again, democracy or the government can only do what the people instructs it to do)
3. Separation of Powers (there are three branches of power: legislative, executive, and judicial AND they are separate from each other)
Which brings me to...
4. Checks and Balances (each branch "checks and balances" the other two branches' power. For ex: the US President can veto congressional bills, Congress can ratifies judicial nominees, and the Supreme Court decides on the constitutionality of congressional bills).
5. Judicial Reviews (the judicial branch reviews governmental actions)
6. Federalism (there is a federal and a state government. These are separate from each other)
Management in the office and budgeting is basically planning. The purpose of planning is to maximize the resources you have for you to gain and profit. Having a strategy is the best way to gain profit in the field of business.
D).
the Mexican-American War was when a treaty was signed and California was given to Americans.
Police can only search you or your 'stuff', if they have reasonable doubts that you are carrying something criminal. Criminal items can include drugs, weapons, evidence of a crime, etc.
Thank you! :D