Question

The information encoded in DNA is used within a cell in a two-stage process. The two stages of this process are called A) replication and transcription. B) transcription and translation. C) denaturation and renaturation. D) base-pairing and denaturation. E) replication and division.

Answer 1

Answer:

B) transcription and translation.

Explanation:

DNA is the genetic material and stores genetic information. The genetic information stored in DNA is expressed in the form of genetic traits by two processes: transcription and translation. The template strand of DNA is copied into RNA strand by the enzyme RNA polymerase. The process is called transcription and occurs in the nucleus.

The RNA formed by the process of transcription serves to carry the genetic information to the cytoplasm. The mature RNA, mRNA leaves the nucleus in eukaryotes and joins ribosomes in the cytoplasm to serve as a template for protein synthesis. The process of protein synthesis is called translation as it translates the genetic information of mRNA into the amino acid sequence of proteins. Translation and transcription occur simultaneously in prokaryotes.