Explanation:
Stages:
1. Glycolysis:
- anaerobic
- occurs in the cytoplasm
- input- 2 ATP, glucose NAD
- output- 2 pyruvate NADH
2. TCA:
- aerobic
- occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
- input- oxygen, pyruvate (decarboxylated to acetyl coA), 1 ADP+ P, 8 NAD, 2 FAD
- output- 8 NADH and 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
3. ETC:
- aerobic
- occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane
- input: 8 NADH and 2 FADH2, 34 ADP+ P
- output: 8 NAD and 2 FAD 34 ATP
Cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down for energy production. In the presence of an oxygen rich environment, eukaryotes may carry out aerobic respiration.
overall, in aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
Further Explanation:
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
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If this is a true/false question, the answer is true. oxygen and co2 exchange happens at the capillaries.
Answer:
The intracellular molecule produced by the receptor ligand complex is called Second messenger.
Explanation:
Receptors are membrane bound proteins which bind to the ligands which are also called first messengers and cause cellular changes. These intracellular changes are mediated by second messengers such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, transcription, contractions etc. They are specific for specific first messengers such as homones and growth factors. They relay the signals between the ligands to their target molecules in the cytosol or nucleus. Most common second messengers are cAMP, cGMP, DAG, IP3.
Signal amplification by second messenger can be explained by the example of IP3 which cayses the release of Calcium ions from the intracellular stores and cause contractions.
Grasses and Grains are pollinated by the wind. and a plant is a pollinated seed that grows. there is a difference. most grasses are pollinated by the wind once again monocotyledonous flowering plants. flowers are pollinated by bees flying insects and butterflies. flowering plants must get pollen from one flower to another flower. either within a plant for self pollination or between plants of the same species for cross-pollination to occur however Paul and cannot move on its own thank goodness she had the wind and animals in rare cases water move for plantsg it is called the pollination syndrome
Answer:
The stomata open and close to allow the intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen.
hope this helps
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