The researchers tracked genetic variation on the Y chromosome, the sex chromosome passed from father to son that encodes maleness, using a technique now widely used that was developed in the early 1990s by Underhill and colleagues in the lab of Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, professor emeritus of genetics. The method has given scientists a powerful window into ancient human migrations and prehistoric cultural shifts. The technique has also been adopted by some commercial genealogy services that offer Y-chromosome testing to the public.
This method was used because Y chromosome is only present in males.
<h2>Answer 2:</h2>In sexual reproduction, mitochondria are normally inherited exclusively from the mother; the mitochondria in mammalian sperm are usually destroyed by the egg cell after fertilization.The fact that mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited enables genealogical researchers to trace maternal lineage far back in time.
So to trace women's genetics we trace mitochondrial lineage.
<h2>Answer 5:</h2>Early humans first migrated out of Africa into Asia probably between 2 million and 1.8 million years ago.
Scientist know this by fossil records and genetic analysis.
<h2>Answer 7:</h2>Migration is a global phenomenon caused not only by economic factors, but also by social, political, cultural, environmental, health, education and transportation factors.
Socio-political, economic and ecological factors are the main forces driving migration. Rising communal violence world-wide, often as a result of ethnic or religious intolerance, has led to increased levels of migration.
<h2>Answer 8:</h2>Filipinos (Filipino: Mga Pilipino) are the people who are native to, or identified with the country of the Philippines. Filipinos come from various ethnolinguistic groups that are native to the island country.
The professorial address synthesizes the findings of several studies on the genetics of Philippine population groups and presents them in a manner accessible to nonspecialists. These studies examined different types of DNA (Y-chromosome, mitochondrial, and autosomal) samples contributed by participants in twelve regional centers and nineteen ethnolinguistic groups. The data reveal (a) genetic affinities with different groups in the Asia-Pacific region, (b) genetic signals of ancient demographic events, (c) an ancient genetic history of about 5,000–50,000 years ago, and (d) a complex population genetic structure.
Philippines have the 99.9% of DNA same.
<h2>Answer 9:</h2>When describing the effect climate has on human appearance it is important to remember that physical characteristics such as skin colour, eye shape or hair type are determined by genetics and that only over sufficiently long periods of time has the environment i.e climate, provided selective pressure to develop particular characteristics within a population.
The other factor is genetic influence on physical characteristics.
<h2>Answer 11:</h2>The people in central Asia do not appear to have clear race because in central Asia people migrated from different areas of the world and not native of Asia.
Most of the people in the central Asia belongs to different tribes that do not have any clear race or nationality.
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