Answer:
Cell-mediated immunity develops through a network of interactions that results in defense against microorganisms that survive within phagocytes or other cells. The response is initiated by the recognition of intracellular microorganism antigen by T cells through the histocompatibility complex. In the CD8 response, only the target cell carrying the class I associated antigen can be lysed or induced to apoptosis. In another mechanism of the cellular response, CD4 + Th1 T cells activate, for example, cytokine-infected macrophages such as IFN. When a pathogen resists the effects of activated macrophages, chronic infection may develop.
The hormonal immunity response leads to the destruction of extracellular microorganisms and prevents or decreases the spread of intracellular cells by neutralizing, opsonizing and activating the complement system.
Because by damaging capsids, there is no place for the bad DNA to be stored. So the drug destroys the DNA so no more of the virus can be stored in the body.
There are more than 5 factors, but here are perhaps the most important ones:
1) Light: Light energy is a crucial component in photosynthesis, as it is the primary energy source of the process.
2) Carbon Dioxide: Another key ingredient in photosynthesis.
3) Temperature: There is an optimum temperature for photosynthesis that varies from organism to organism. Too cold or two hot, and rate of photosynthesis will be lower.
4) Water - Like almost all life process, water is a key component in photosynthesis.
5) Oxygen. A common misconception is that plants only "breathe in" carbon dioxide and expel oxygen. Plant cells actually require oxygen as well in order to function, and thus oxygen is a necessary part of photosynthesis.
Answer: A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that encodes the synthesis of a gene product, either RNA or protein. A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. A allele is one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Explanation:
