Answer:
Preconventional level (avoiding punishment stage)
Explanation:
Kohlberg did some studies on morality and proposed a theory on moral development.
Kohlberg defined three different levels of morality (and each level consists in 2 stages). These levels are:
In the preconventional level, the person's morality is externally controlled and therefore acts based on what the <u>punishment</u> will be (1st stage) or based on <u>what good will be for him/her</u> by acting in some way (2nd stage)
The conventional level stages also have to to with external controls but now the person thinks in function of ensure positive relationships and societal order. The third stage here depends on the <u>approval of others.</u> The fourth stage has to do with accepting rules because they <u>preserve the society order and functioning.</u>
The postconventional level stages are defined in more abstract principles or values. The 5th stage sees the world as a place with <u>different values</u> that must be respected. Finally the 6th stage is based in <u>universal ethical abstract principles.</u>
In the question, Brad decides not to grab and steal a CD because if he got caught, <u>his parents would punish him</u>, he is acting based on external control, therefore his decision represents the preconventional level. (particularly the 1st stage of avoiding punishment).
Answer:
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships
Explanation:
empathy is how you show your understandings to someone and share the same feelings
for example;
jon:my dog has passed away and he has been my best friend since i was 1 years old.
emily: i have gone through the same thing with my dog when he passed away . i have also had him since i was 1.
sympathy is just showing sorrow and acknowledging what has happened to them.
jon:my dog has passed away and he has been my best friend since i was 1 years old.
emily: im sorry for your loss. its okay things will get better.
empathy is more efficent and more understanding than sympathy but if you cant understand how it feels to be as a mental illness its okay to sit and listen to the person and try to understand them.
i hope the examples helped.