The First Crusade is initiated when Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus requests help in reconquering from the Seljuk Turks the lost territory of Asia Minor . Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont calls upon the princes of Christendom for an armed “pilgrimage” to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims.
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Why, The Wilmot Proviso amendment would have closed California and New
Mexico to slavery in 1846 as a requirement for their annexation,
but Congress did not pass the proviso.
The Enlightenment was an era where people started realizing that they had (human) rights, realized that the monarchy + aristrocrats/ rich ppl in general shouldn't do whatever they wanted to do (like kill a bunch of ppl for saying smth against the Crown's beliefs), realized that they are capable of believing and doing something more than just living as a peasant.
The French had really sucky monarchs (like King Louis the Thirteenth), and frankly, they were sick of living in famine and poverty, so it was kinda like being in the right place and at the right time-- they overthrew their monarchy, now aware that they had these rights (inspired by the Enlightenment). "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité" was the slogan. Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood = everything the monarchy wasn't.
