Eleven years after the outbreak of the Mexican War of Independence, Spanish Viceroy Juan de O’Donojú signs the Treaty of Córdoba, which approves a plan to make Mexico an independent constitutional monarchy.
In the early 19th century, Napoleon’s occupation of Spain led to the outbreak of revolts all across Spanish America. On September 16, 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest, launched the Mexican War of Independence with the issuing of his Grito de Dolores, or “Cry of Dolores” (Dolores referring to the town of Dolores, Mexico). The revolutionary tract called for the end of Spanish rule in Mexico, redistribution of land, and racial equality. After some initial successes, Hidalgo was defeated, captured, and executed. However, he was followed by other peasant leaders, such as José María Morelos y Pavón, Mariano Matamoros, and Vicente Guerrero, who all led armies of native and racially mixed revolutionaries against the Spanish and the Royalists.
Ironically, it was the Royalists—made up of Mexicans of Spanish descent and other conservatives—who ultimately brought about independence. In 1820, liberals took power in Spain, and the new government promised reforms to appease the Mexican revolutionaries. In response, Mexican conservatives called for independence as a means of maintaining their privileged position in Mexican society.
In early 1821, Agustín de Iturbide, the leader of the Royalist forces, negotiated the Plan of Iguala with Vicente Guerrero. Under the plan, Mexico would be established as an independent constitutional monarchy, the privileged position of the Catholic Church would be maintained, and Mexicans of Spanish descent would be regarded as equals to pure Spaniards. Mexicans of mixed or pure Indian blood would have lesser rights.
While Spain controlled Mexico, trade with the United States was not allowed. After Mexico became independent, Mexico and the United States began to trade a lot.
<span>Vasco
Nunez de Balboa, a Spanish conquistador of the 16th century is recognized
for his expeditions into the New World for the empire of Spain. He became so
powerful and influential following his many conquests that a rival Pedro Arias
Davila, serving as a Spanish governor had him executed on false charges of
treason. As a result of Balboa's conquests, specifically claiming the Pacific
Ocean for Spain, allowed for expansion, conquest, and colonization of the New
World. </span>
The United States then debated for five years whether to annex the former . Although a small minority, the Americans in Hawaii soon owned much of the land.
Explanation:Mexico take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a congressional system, whereby the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.
Cuba involve nomination of municipal candidates by voters in open ballot nomination assemblies, nomination of provincial and national candidates by candidacy commissions, voting by secret ballot, and recall elections.
Yes. It can be assumed that Sumner had the support of the people as the legislature was popularly elected. The legislature also passed Sumner's own Objections to the Mexican War. This appears to be another sign that he was respected and had the support of the voters of Massachusetts.
