Im guessing a) availbility of substitutes the reason is because when i read this it makes me think the price went up because maybe cranberries are not in season but grapes are. Usually when something is not in season it cost more than when it was.
This is false. When inflation happens, prices go up in the economy.
The cost of underestimating the demand is considered a revenue loss that arises due to cancellation of flight costing $134. Hence, cost of underetimating the demand is

.
The cost of overestimating the demand is known as rewards. For example, free round trip ticket worth $263. Hence, the cost of overestimating the demand is

.

The z-score that yields a p-value of 0.3375 is -0.4193.
Thus, super discount airlines should overbook the flight by 35 + (-0.4193 x 24) = 35 - 10.0632 = 24.9368 = 25 seats.
Therefore, super discount airlines should overbook the flight by 25 seats.
Average of all forecast errors is 0 a company wants to use a regression analysis to forecasts the demand for the next quarter.