Answer:
Unrealized gains and losses treatment:
Available for sale - recorded in OCI
Held till maturity - not recognized in financial statements until maturity
Held for Trading - Fair value through profit and loss
Explanation:
There are three categories of financial instruments. Available for Sale AFS, Held for trading HFT and Held till maturity HTM. Financial instruments are classified in these categories and then treatments is according to their classification. IAS 39 and IFRS 9 have provided complete guidelines for the treatment of the financial securities.
Answer:
A) exchanging partial ownership in a firm
Explanation:
Equity is the basic source of fund for any corporation, it the most initial phase in which equity is issued in exchange of a share of ownership in the company. For this the equity holder pays money to the company.
In this manner there is an ownership distributed for the share of money needed by the company.
This does not involve any statutory return payment on behalf of company in later future. As against it in case of loan, it needs to be repaid.
Equity form of funds do not demand any repayment.
Answer:
5.61 years
Explanation:
Let the Present value be 'x'
Data provided in the question:
Future value = 
Inflation rate, i = 5% = 0.05
Now,
Using the compounding
let number of years be n
thus,
Future value = Present value × [ 1 - inflation rate ]ⁿ
= x × (1 - 0.05)ⁿ
or
0.75 = 0.95ⁿ
on taking log on both the sides
, we get
or
log(0.75) = n × log(0.95)
or
-0.125 = n × (-0.0223)
or
n = 5.61 years
or, n = 11.89 years