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Serggg [28]
3 years ago
6

The three-dimensional structure of a functional protein is altered by intense heat or nonphysiological ph even though peptide bo

nds may not break. such inactivation is called denaturation, and denatured enzymes are nonfunctional. explain why.
Biology
1 answer:
DiKsa [7]3 years ago
7 0
In biochemistry, enzymes are protein catalysts of the body that speeds up certain specific metabolic reactions in the body. They word in the concept of lock-and-key theory or induced fitting. These two theories are all based on the shape and size of the enzyme's active site that could accommodate the substrate. So, the main function of the enzyme is dependent on its shape. Therefore, when an enzyme undergoes denaturation, its orientation and shape changes. For example, a beta pleated sheet may change to an alpha helix orientation. As a consequence, the number and capacity of active sites changes. Hence, the enzyme becomes nonfunctional.
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According to ChaCha.com, "Parthenogenesis is a form of agamogenesis in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual. Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in many plants and invertebrates. This differs from other forms of asexual reproduction because an egg is used."
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4 years ago
Evidence about ancient climates indicates that
chubhunter [2.5K]
<span>Evidence about ancient climates indicates that
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4 years ago
Urgent Help!
Arte-miy333 [17]

Assuming diallelic genes, that express complete dominance, and assort independently, <em>1) </em><em>Genotypic ratio</em><em>=1:2:1. </em><em>Phenotypic ratio</em><em>=3:1 </em><em>/</em><em> 2) </em><em>Parental genotype</em><em>: PpRr. </em><em>Gametes</em><em>= PR, Pr, pR, pr. </em><em>Phenotypic ratio</em><em>: 9:3:3:1</em>

------------------------------

We will assume diallelic genes that express complete dominance. In cases where two or more genes are involved, we will assume they are not linked, and alleles assort independently.

1) <u>FRECKLES</u>

  • F is the dominant allele that codes for freckles
  • f is the recessive allele that codes for no-freckles

Cross: Between a mother and a father who both have freckles and are heter0zyg0us for the trait

Parentals)    Ff    x     Ff

Gametes)   F     f      F     f

Punnett square)     F           f

                      F       FF         Ff

                      f        Ff          ff

F1)  Genotype

  • 1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be h0m0zyg0us dominant, FF
  • 2/4 = 1/2 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be heter0zyg0us, Ff
  • 1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be h0m0zyg0us recessive, ff

     Phenotype

  • 3/4 = 75% of the progeny is expected to express freckles, FF + Ff
  • 1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to not express freckles, ff

Genotypic ratio ⇒ 1:2:1

Phenotypic ratio ⇒ 3:1

2) <u>FLOWER COLOR AND SEED SHAPE</u>

<u />

  • P is the dominant allele that codes for purple flowers
  • p is the recessive allele that codes for white flowers
  • R is the dominant allele that codes for round seeds
  • r is the recessive allele that codes for wrinkled seeds

Cross: Between two plants that are heter0zyg0us for flower color and seed shape

Parentals)            PpRr        x         PpRr

Gametes)    PR, Pr, pR, pr          PR, Pr, pR, pr

Punnett square)     PR           Pr         pR           pr

                   PR     PPRR      PPRr     PpRR      PpRr

                   Pr      PPRr       PPrr       PpRr       Pprr

                   pR     PpRR      PpRr      ppRR      ppRr

                   pr      PpRr       Pprr       ppRr       pprr

F1) Genotype

  • 1/16 individuals are expected to be PPRR
  • 2/16 individuals are expected to be PPRr
  • 1/16 individuals are expected to be PPrr
  • 2/16 individuals are expected to be PpRR
  • 4/16 individuals are expected to be PpRr
  • 2/16 individuals are expected to be Pprr
  • 1/16 individuals are expected to be ppRR
  • 2/16 individuals are expected to be ppRr
  • 1/16 individuals are expected to be pprr

       Phenotype

  • 9/16 individuals are expected to have purple flowers with round seeds, PPRR + PpRR + PPRr + PpRr
  • 3/16 individuals are expected to have purple flowers and wrinckled seeds, PPrr + Pprr
  • 3/16 individuals are expected to have white flowers and round seeds, ppRR + ppRr
  • 1/16 individuals are expeceted to have white flowers and wrinckled seeds, pprr.                  

Phenotypic ratio  ⇒ 9:3:3:1

Genotype of parent plant 1: PpRr

  1. Gamete 1: PR
  2. Gamete 2: Pr
  3. Gamete 3: pR
  4. Gamete 4: pr

Genotype of parent plant 2: PpRr

  1. Gamete 1: PR
  2. Gamete 2: Pr
  3. Gamete 3: pR
  4. Gamete 4: pr

<u>            PHENOTYPE                                 GENOTYPE              </u>

purple flowers, round seeds:       PPRR, PpRR, PPRr, PpRr

purple flowers, wrinkled seeds:              PPrr, Pprr

white flowers, round seeds:                    ppRR, ppRr

<u>white flowers, wrinkled seeds:                      pprr                      </u>

<u>            PHENOTYPE                        NUMBER              </u>

purple flowers, round seeds:                 9

purple flowers, wrinkled seeds:             3

white flowers, round seeds:                   3

<u>white flowers, wrinkled seeds:               1                     </u>

------------------------------------

You can learn more about monohybrid and dihybrid crosses at

brainly.com/question/1185199?referrer=searchResults

brainly.com/question/24076691?referrer=searchResults

brainly.com/question/2669862?referrer=searchResults

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The two letters that refer to an organism's genetic makeup is the ?
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Answer:

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Explanation:

Females are usually XX and Males are Ususally XY.

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