The rules of the atoms can be majorly explained through three rules and principles;
- Aufbau principle
- Pauli exclusion principle
- Hund's rule
Hund’s rule states that an atomic orbital is firstly singly occupied by electrons before it is doubly occupied until its fully filled. Electrons in a singly occupied orbital have the same spin quantum number.
Aufbau principle states that the lowest atomic orbitals are occupied first, while Pauli exclusion principle states that the electrons in an atomic orbital cannot have the same quantum state.
Step 1: State the problem
description: define the problem as clearly as possible.
Example: The front brakes are making a loud noise.
Step 2: Gather information
description: Gather data about the problem and make good observations using all 5 senses.
Example: He checked all his other songs and found they all did the same thing.
Step 3: Form a hypothesis
description: a prediction that can be tested.
Example: Luke decided he would try a different set of headphones and see if that helped.
Step 4: Test the hypothesis
description: Use an experiment to test your logical answer to the problem.
- Use controlled conditions to test your hypothesis
A. Controlled experiment: Everything in an experiment that is the same except for the variable.
~ Variable: Something in an experiment that you change, only one per experiment.
~ Constant: Factors in an experiment that stay the same.
Example: Luke asked to borrow 3 diffetent friends' headphones. All the headphones were the same brand. After switching the ears, he found all the headphones worked. However, Luke tried the headphones in his friend's ipod and found they didn't work.
Step 5: Analyze Data
description: go over all the data you have and go over conclusions.
Example: Luke wrote down all his findings and read over all his notes.
Step 6: Draw a conclusion
description: Based on data and observations, conclude the answer to your hypothesis.
- should be logical answers to the question based on data and observations.
- if needed, retest this theory ( possibly with a new hypothesis)
Example: Luke concluded with his data and and observations that his headphones were broken and he needed a new pair.
Step 7: Share results
description: report journal to classmates, or publish a journal of findings.
Example: Luke shared his findings with his mom and friends, and his mom bought him another pair for his birthday.
I hope this helps!
<h3><u>The Food webs are preferred over food chains for representing the flow of energy in an ecosystem for the following reasons:
</u></h3>
- The food webs are higher in complexity when compared to food chains and also, in food web, more than one primary producers is present which increases the 'flow of energy' in the ecosystem.
- Food web represents the real life better than the food chains do.
- Food web shows many different paths through which the organisms can be connected.
