The answer could be the fact that all species posses 23 universal proteins. These proteins vary slightly in some DNA sequences but are pretty much the same. These proteins are responsible for tasks such as DNA replication and translation from DNA to proteins. These activities are crucial to all forms of life. The presence of these universal proteins suggest that modern life evolved from a single common ancestor.
Answer:
answer is integral protein
Answer:
DNA is double-stranded, so there must be equal numbers of C and G because they pair to each other on the complementary strands.
RNA is only single-stranded, so there can be any number of C and G. They don't pair to each other, because there's only one strand.
Human monoclonal antibody (mAbs) are emerging in the field of cancer therapy and have become an increasing proportion of new drugs that are recently approved. Although there are some methods to obtain antigen-specific mAbs from human B cells, it is generally impossible to directly immunize human beings with antigens of interest. For example, for infectious agents, those approaches are largely restricted. To solve these obstacles, two main approaches have been developed; either by humanizing antigen-specific antibodies from small experimental animals (which is laborious due to the great genetic differences from humans) or rely on the in vitro selection of antigen-specific binders from human antibody repertoires. However, the human mAbs developed by these methods are usually with low affinity.
We are now coming up with a much better idea that is humanizing non-human primates mAbs instead of murine mAbs. Due to the close genetic relationship with humans, immunized NHPs have more potential to be isolated with high affinity antibody to human target than other experimental species, such as mouse, rat and rabbit. In addition, with appropriate method, NHP antibodies are much<span> easier to be humanized</span> without any loss of affinity compared to widely used murine antibodies.
Resource: http://www.creative-biolabs.com/High-Affi-TM-Human-Antibody-Discovery.html