Explanation: Many activists joined efforts to reform local government, public education, medicine, finance, insurance, industry, railroads, churches, and many other areas. Progressives transformed, professionalized and made "scientific" the social sciences, especially history, economics, and political science.
Apartheid is specifically associated with South Africa - when there is a question mentioning this word, it's very likely that it's connected to this country. South Africa is also the correct answer here. Apartheid ended in 1994 and 1997 is the year when the new Constitution came into power.
