Basically, acetosyringone, induces transcription o virulence gene expression in agrobacterium tumerfaciens via VirA proteins
.Monosacharides e.g Arabinose had been shown to induce this transcription not only through the VirA proteins,but also through VirE. Protein.Therefore thre VirA and ChvE forms a separate sugar-mediated regulatory pathway for virulent gene expression in Agro bacterium tumerfaciens.
ChvE, is a chromosomes encoded binding protein in the periplasma of agrobacterium cells. It function in stimulating chemotaxis in the bacteium for movement towards Arabinose sugar.This promotes sugar Uttilization and therefore virulence gene expression in the agrobacterium.
I believe the correct answer from the choices listed above is option A. Stretching that uses neuromuscular reflexes to gain further stretching of the muscle is called PNF stretching. PNF stands for <span>Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation. Hope this helps. Have a nice day.</span>
Trepanation consisted on drilling a hole on a person's skull to relieve the pressure of blood after an injury and treat intercranial diseases. It is presumed this surgery exists from the Neolithic Age and has been done first by Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and Indians.
