Answer:
The bonds that are formed between nitrogenous bases are Hydrogen Bond.
Explanation:
When a hydrogen atom interract with an electronegative atom such oxygen,fluorine hydrogen bond forms,
A single hydrogen bond is weak noncovalent bond but collectively they exerts very strong interraction.
Hydrogen bonding occurs between complementary base pair .For exam An adenine base forms 2 hydrogen bonds with thymine base whereas guanine forms 3 hydrogen bonds with cytosine base.
The hydrogen bonding between complementary is very much important to stabilize the structure of DNA .
Answer:
The simplest virions consist of two basic components: nucleic acid (single- or double-stranded RNA or DNA) and a protein coat, the capsid, which functions as a shell to protect the viral genome from nucleases and which during infection attaches the virion to specific receptors exposed on the prospective host cell.
Answer:
Bridgham et al. (2006) showed that the interaction between a steroid hormone (aldosterone-M) and its receptor (mineralocorticoid) evolved by Darwinian gradualism. In this work, the authors demonstrated a primitive affinity between the hormone and its receptor that was initially present in chemically similar but more ancient ligands. This result has implications in understanding the association between gene duplication and the evolution of hormone signaling pathways. For example, in invertebrates, this work reinforces the importance of gene duplication in the existing interaction between paralogous glucocorticoid receptors and their receptor mineralocorticoid genes that were derived from duplication (Thornton 2001).
The publications above cited are the following:
J.T. Bridgham, S.M. Carroll, and J.W. Thornton (2006). Evolution of hormone-receptor complexity by molecular exploitation. Science, 312(5770), 97-101.
JW Thornton. Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS), 2001, vol. 98 10 (pg. 5671-5676).
I believe it's the first one.
Answer:
Genes is not the only factor in determining the characteristics of an organism environment is also a major factor.
Explanation:
- The organisms having the traits which are very favorable or suited in an environment have greater probability of surviving and reproducing at the higher rate than any organism which are less suited to that environment.
- When an organism start developing from one stage to another, the interaction of genes with the environment initiates at every moment of its life.
- The interaction of genes and environment determines the characteristics of that organism.
