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inna [77]
3 years ago
9

The pathophysiology instructor will emphasize that the cells of the proximal tubule have a fine, villous structure that increase

s surface area, allowing for which physiologic function to occur with fluids?
Biology
1 answer:
olasank [31]3 years ago
7 0

<u>Answer:</u>

The pathophysiology instructor will emphasize that the cells of the proximal tubule have a fine, villous structure that increases surface area, allowing for active transport processes to occur with fluids.

<u>Explanation:</u>

  • The proximal tubule is a part of the nephron and it controls the "pH of the filtrate" by exchanging "hydrogen ions for bicarbonates".
  • It also secretes organic acids like creatinine and bases to be mixed with the filtrate, so that it is neutralized.
  • Thus it helps in  the transportation of the filtrate and is also responsible for absorption and re-absorption of the fluids.
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Suppose two independently assorting genes are involved in the pathway that determines fruit color in squash. These genes interac
makvit [3.9K]

Answer:

100% yellow fruit color, Yyww.

Explanation:

<u>Available data</u>:

  • two independently assorting genes
  • the W allele codes for a dominant white phenotype
  • w allele codes for a colored squash
  • The allele Y codes for a dominant yellow phenotype
  • the allele y codes for a recessive green phenotype
  • The phenotypes from the first locus will always mask the phenotype produced by the second locus if the dominant allele (W) is present at the first locus. This masking pattern is known as dominant epistasis

Epistasis means "interruption" and refers to interactions between genes located in different loci in the same chromosome. An “epistatic gene” can alter, influence, or suppress the expression of a "hypostatic gene". When the epistatic gene is dominant, the interaction is known as "dominant epistasis".

W suppresses the expression of Y and y, this means that whenever W is present, the fruit is white. If W <u>is not</u> present, the fruit color can be expressed.

So, the proposed cross in the present problem occurs between a green fruited individual and yellow fruited individual, which suggests that W is absent.

<em>Genotype for Green fruit: yyww</em>

<em>Genotype for purebred Yellow fruit: YYww</em>

Cross:

Parental) YYww    x    yyww

Gametes) Yw  Yw  Yw  Yw  yw  yw  yw  yw

Punnet square)    Yw       Yw       Yw      Yw

                 yw    Yyww  Yyww  Yyww  Yyww

                 yw    Yyww  Yyww  Yyww  Yyww

                 yw    Yyww  Yyww  Yyww  Yyww

                 yw    Yyww  Yyww  Yyww  Yyww

F1) 100% Yellow fruited plants, Yyww

As these two genes assort independently, we can also represent the cross for each gene by separate, like this:

For w gene:

Parental) ww  x  ww

Gametes) w w w w

Punnet square)  w     w

                 w     ww   ww

                 w      ww  ww

F1) 4/4 or 100% colored-fruits

For Y gene:

Parental) YY  x  yy

Gametes) Y Y y y

Punnet square)  Y     Y

                 y     Yy     Yy

                 y     Yy     Yy

F1) 4/4 or 100% yellow fruits, Yy.

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