When humans farm large plantation of one cash crop, they reduce the biodiversity of the region because they reduce the genetic diversity of the species in the environment. A reduction in genetic diversity means that the genetic variability of the species is reduced hence there are fewer sub-species in the environment. This ultimately reduces the biodiversity of the ecosystem - which is the variability among all the living organisms in the environment.
Troposphere
The troposphere starts at the Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 kilometers high (5 to 9 miles). This part of the atmosphere is the most dense. Almost all weather is in this region.
Stratosphere
The stratosphere starts just above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers (31 miles) high. The ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation, is in this layer.
Mesosphere
The mesosphere starts just above the stratosphere and extends to 85 kilometers (53 miles) high. Meteors burn up in this layer
Thermosphere
The thermosphere starts just above the mesosphere and extends to 600 kilometers (372 miles) high. Aurora and satellites occur in this layer.
Ionosphere
The ionosphere is an abundant layer of electrons and ionized atoms and molecules that stretches from about 48 kilometers (30 miles) above the surface to the edge of space at about 965 km (600 mi), overlapping into the mesosphere and thermosphere. This dynamic region grows and shrinks based on solar conditions and divides further into the sub-regions: D, E and F; based on what wavelength of solar radiation is absorbed. The ionosphere is a critical link in the chain of Sun-Earth interactions. This region is what makes radio communications possible.
Exosphere
This is the upper limit of our atmosphere. It extends from the top of the thermosphere up to 10,000 km (6,200 mi).
In plant seeds, the photoreceptor phytochrome is responsible for the process termed photomorphogenesis<span>. This occurs when a seed initially situated in an environment of complete darkness is exposed to light. A brief exposure to electromagnetic radiation, particularly that whose wavelength is within the red and far-red lights, results in the activation of the photorecepter phytochrome within the seed. This in turn sends a signal through the signal transduction pathway into the nucleus, and triggers hundreds of genes responsible for growth and development</span>
Answer:
Suppose that at a given point along a capillary, the following forces exist: Capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPc) = 30 mmHg Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif) = 0 mmHg Capillary colloid osmotic pressure (OPc) = 25 mmHg Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (OPif) = 2 mmHg. The net filtration pressure at this point in the capillary is <u>7mmHg.</u>
Explanation:
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPc) = 30 mmHg
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif) = 0 mmHg
Capillary colloid osmotic pressure (OPc) = 25 mmHg
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (OPif) = 2 mmHg
Net filtration pressure= hydrostatic pressure gradient - Oncotic pressure gradient
Hydrostatic pressure gradient = Capillary hydrostatic pressure - Interstitial hydrostatic pressure = 30mmHg - 0 mmHg = 30 mmHg
Oncotic pressure gradient = Capillary colloid osmotic pressure - Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure =25 - 2 = 23 mmHg
Net filtration pressure= hydrostatic pressure gradient - Oncotic pressure gradient = 30 mmHg - 23 mmHg = 7 mmHg.
Hence, The net filtration pressure at this point in the capillary is <u>7mmHg.</u>
Answer:
they were discovered by Robert Hooked in 1665. It looked like similar to cellua.
