What does the frequency do?

1 answer:

4 0

Frequency describes the number of waves that pass a fixed place in a given amount of time. So if the time it takes for a wave to pass is is 1/2 second, the frequency is 2 per second. If it takes 1/100 of an hour, the frequency is 100 per hour.

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What structural adaptation of the A. cristatus lizard helps them on land?

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Answer: Strong claws for climbing

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What is slowed when water is a limiting factor in an environment?

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The correct answer is B.
Population growth is correct because humans need water to survive. Actually not just humans, all living things need water for survival. Hope this helps!

Discussion: Some people may think it is A. The truth is “the amount of evaporation” is incorrect. Amount is doesn’t depend on the amount of water. It depends on heat.

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¿Cuál es de las siguientes opciones no es indispensable para la manipulación genética? *

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Hoy en día, podemos incorporar nuevos genes de una especie en una especie completamente no relacionada a través de la ingeniería genética, optimizando el rendimiento agrícola.

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Which process will be immediately inhibited if cytochrome c is unable to interact with cytochrome c oxidase

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Answer:

Electron transfer to from cytochrome c to molecular Oxygen in the process of oxidative phosphorylation

Explanation:

Cytochrome c is a protein which is involved in the electron transport chain for the production of ATP molecules during then process of respiration. It a soluble protein found in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. It receives electrons from ubiquinone at Complex III of the electron transport chain and transfers this electron to molecular oxygen through its interaction with complex IV or cytochrome c oxidase, reducing molecular oxygen to water.

If the interaction of cytochrome c with cytochrome c oxidase is inhibited, the process of elctron transfer to oxygen will be inhibited and, so ATP synthesis will cease.

Ultimately, respiration will be inhibited resulting in death of the organism. For example, cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase resulting in death of the organism poisoned with cyanide.

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From a chemical view, how is an amino acid is being recognized by its specific aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?

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During translation, rRNA and tRNA read mRNA in 5´ to 3´ direction. According to the codons being readen, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain. A codon is a short sequence of three nucleotides that store the genetic information for the aminoacids´ assembly.

Each tRNA has two important sites. One of them that couples with the codon of the mRNA molecule, named anticodon. The other site couples with an amino acid through the action of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme. The whole complex, amino acid + enzyme + tRNA is named aminoacyl-tRNA.

Each tRNA is recognized by a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme. The enzyme is also capable of recognizing a specific amino acid. Let us say, for instance, that tRNA is specific for phenylalanine. The molecule is attached to the enzyme that is specific for that tRNA(Phe). Then, when the enzyme and tRNA(Phe) are together, they get to find phenylalanine. The enzyme links the aminoacid to the RNA. Once the whole complex is formed, the tRNA gets to pair its anticodon with the mRNA codon. This is,

Recognition of enzyme and the specific tRNA(aa) ⇒ aa being aminoacid
Recognition of enzyme and the specific aminoacid
Linkage of the aminoacid to RNA by the enzyme action
Pairing of tRNA anticodon to mRNA codon.

Considering that there are twenty amino acids available, there are also twenty complexes of aminoacyl-tRNA, one for each amino acid. Each of the mRNA codons represents one of the 20 amino acids used to build the protein. Each amino acid can be codified by more than one codon. Of the total 64 codons, 61 codify amino acids, and one is a start codon. The left three codons are stopping translation points.

tRNA decodes genetic information from the nucleotidic sequence in the mRNA molecule and allows amino acids to align composing the new protein.

Once the new peptidic link joins, placing together the new amino acid to the growing peptidic chain, the binding between the amino acid and the tRNA molecule breaks. The tRNA is now free to join another amino acid and repeat the cycle.

In conclusion, a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme recognizes a tRNA, which is also specific for a certain amino acid. When together, the enzyme recognizes the amino acid and links it to the RNA. The whole complex is known as aminoacyl-tRNA. Once the tRNA is joined to its amino acid, it gets to pair a codon of mRNA to add that amino acid to the new synthesizing protein.

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