The sugar molecule in RNA has one more hydroxyl group than the sugar molecule in DNA
The only correct statement here is the one regarding the types of sugar in the two molecules. RNA stands for "ribonucleic acid," which is a simple way to remember that it contains the sugar ribose. DNA, on the other hand, stands for "deoxyribonucleic acid." Its sugar is deoxyribose, which is identical to ribose except it is missing a hydroxyl (-OH) group on its second carbon. In total, RNA contains three hydroxyl groups, while DNA contains only two.
In RNA, uracil replaces thymine, not guanine. DNA is generally double-stranded and RNA is generally single-stranded (though both can exist in either form). Prokaryotes contain both DNA and RNA. Finally, DNA is transcribed to RNA in most biological organisms, but RNA can be reverse transcribed to DNA by the protein reverse transcriptase, which is found in some viruses.
Answer:
Activation of various components of the signal transduction pathway generates a varied response to the same hormone by different body cells.
Explanation:
Peptide hormones are water-soluble hormones and mostly have cell surface receptors present at the membranes of the target cells. Binding of these hormones to their cell surface receptors activates another messenger molecule present in the cytoplasm.
For example, activated hormone-receptor complex activates G protein to trigger the synthesis of cAMP within the cells. Activation of various protein kinases by cAMP results in phosphorylation of different proteins present in various target cells. Activation of different proteins in different target cells, as stimulated by the same peptide hormone generates varied responses.