When we speak of the Great Schism<span>, we can actually be referring to one of </span>two schisms<span>. The first is also called the </span>East-West Schism<span> and happened in 1054 when the Byzantine Church broke from the Roman Catholic Church. The second is also referred to as the </span>Great Western Schism<span> and happened between 1378 and 1417 when a pope in Rome and a second pope in Avignon, France, proclaimed themselves to be the real pope. Both schisms </span>significantly affected<span> the Roman Catholic Church. Though, typically, that which is called the Great Schism refers to the </span>East-West Schism.
<span>The </span>greatest effect<span> of the </span>East-West Schism<span> was the creation of two separate churches that had previously been unified under one church, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. But more specifically, the schism had developed over time due to "doctrinal, theological, linguistic, political, and geographic" differences; therefore, the schism also affected Catholicism by </span>solidifying these differences<span> (</span>New World Encyclopedia,<span> "Great Schism"</span>).
<span>The greatest </span>theological and political difference<span> concerns the belief in the</span><span> authority of the pope</span><span>. The Roman Catholic Church holds that, as the successor of Saint Peter, the pope holds all authority over the Church. However, the Eastern Church feels the title of pope to be </span>only an honorary one, so the church believes the pope has no authority to "determine policy" for all jurisdictions in the empire ("Great Schism").
A second significant theological difference concerns the<span> objection</span><span> of the</span><span>insertion of the<span> filioque</span> clause</span><span> in the Nicene Creed. The Nicene Creed is the statement of the Catholic Church's faith. The </span>filioque<span> clause refers to a specific statement of faith in the creed concerning the Holy Trinity; more specifically, the statement can be interpreted to mean that the Holy Spirit comes only from the Father or from both the Father and the Son. It is referred to as the filioque clause because the Latin word filioque translates to mean "and from the son." The </span>Eastern Church<span> changed their </span>creed to read<span>, "We believe in the Holy Spirit ... who proceeds from the Father," whereas the </span>Roman Catholic creed reads<span>, "We believe in the Holy Spirit ... who proceeds from the Father and the Son" ("Great Schism"; </span>"Filioque Clause"<span>)</span>
Answer:
Explanation:
Often they are on a trade expedition. Caravans were used mainly in desert areas and throughout the Silk Road. Traveling in groups aided in defense against bandits, in the same way that convoys at sea helped protect against piracy. It also helped improve economies of scale in trade.
Answer:
B). False.
Explanation:
The given statement asserts a false claim as it incorrectly states that 'virus-infected cells produce interferons to 'warn' the other cells about the presence of the virus and the other cells hamper the replication of the virus.' The statement should rather involve that 'The only type-I(alpha and beta) interferon is secreted by the virus-infected cells which do not warn but rather serve to defend against the viral infection and modulate immune responses. Thus, the interferons exhibit effective antiviral responses. Therefore, the statement is considered <u>false.</u>
