Answer: A. Skin colour
Explanation: When one determines social value on the basis of skin colour, then it is racism, because one values someone's general value and therefore the position in society on the basis of race. Race is determined by skin colour because, for example, two members of different races can speak the same language. Also size or dress does not determine race, size may be characteristic of particular ethnic groups within one race, but also within other races, so size does not predetermine race. There is intolerance between, say, two nations of the white race, it is not racism then, such a conflict can grow on religious, political and similar grounds but not racial. Racism is only about skin colour, so determining one's worth or attitude toward someone based on whether they are black, white, yellow or red.
Answer:
Correct answer is option d. increased real returns to capital in France and increased real wages in Italy.
Explanation:
The Heckscher-Ohlin model demonstrates that the comparative advantage is determined by the interaction between a country's resources, the relative abundance of production factors, and technology. It is the interaction between abundance and intensity with which these resources are exploited the source of comparative advantages.
1. Samples of a microbial colony obtained from the natural environment are not pure culture. They are mixed cultures because the environment consists of an array of microorganisms and not one specific organism. A sample obtained from the natural environment such as water or soil may contain several species of microbes that need to be further isolated to obtain a pure culture.
2. Isolation streak plate technique involves the dilution of the sample several folds and then streaking a small amount using a sterile inoculation loop on an agar plate in a zig-zag manner. This is done to obtain a pure culture of bacteria from a mixed population by separating the microprocessor. When the sample is diluted into a small concentration and is streaked onto agar placed, widely spaced, discrete colonies of bacteria can be observed. These isolated colonies can be further cultured to obtain pure cultures by picking and re-streaking them on fresh agar plates.
3. A microbial colony is considered a pure culture because it consists of single species. A single species of bacteria cluster and form an isolated colony on an agar plate which can be further plated on fresh medium.
3-1 - If your agar plate shows discrete uncluttered colonies then you have obtained an isolated colony. The following picture might help you to understand.
3-2. If you subculture isolated microbes into a sterile nutrient broth without any contamination, it will still be considered pure culture because it is single isolated species in a sterile aseptic environment of the nutrient broth.
3.3. A pure culture can become a mixed culture due to contamination. This could be caused by airborne bacteria if your conditions are not aseptic. Contamination is possible if the work area is not clean and sterile or if the glassware is not sterile. The contamination can transform your pure culture into a mixed culture and is hence problematic. So, it is very important to maintain a sterile and aseptic environment, glassware, and instruments.
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