A subsidized loan is such a loan where the borrower is allowed to borrow up to the cost of attendance less any other aids received. 
<h3>What is a subsidized loan?</h3>
A type of education or student loan where the amount to be borrowed is determined as per the cost of the student's attendance, which is subtracted from other financial benefits received in this regard, is known as a subsidized loan. 
Hence, subsidized loan is explained as above. 
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Answer and Explanation:
Adjusted gross income abbreviated AGI is the tax payers gross income minus deductions used in arriving at taxable income(AGI less allowable deductions)
Please find attached calculations for gross income and AGI for the couple
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The correct answer is b. Regressive coping. 
Explanation:
Coping. This concept has been important in the field of psychology for more than 40 years. During the years 1940 and 1950 it meant an organizational concept in the description and clinical evaluation and, at present, it constitutes the center of a whole series of psychotherapies and educational programs that aim to develop adaptive resources. The issue of coping has also received a lot of attention in the media, as can be seen by flipping through the index of any magazine, book sales lists or programming guides. Actually, the word coping is both a colloquial and scientific term. Despite its prolific history and its current popularity, there is still a lack of coherence regarding theories, research and understanding of the subject. Even the most superficial review of what is written by both scholars and laymen, already reveals confusion regarding the meaning of coping and its role in the adaptation process.
 
        
             
        
        
        
<u>Answer and Explanation:</u>
Caramel Corporation outstanding share are 5000
Caramel Corporation distributes $145,000 in an exchange for 1000 number of shares in a qualifying stock redemption.
Given : caramel Corportaion has E&P of around $300,000.
E&P attributable to 1000 number of shares = 
Therefore, the consequence of this redemption are $60,000 charge to E&P and reduction in caramel Corporation paid-in capital account is $85000 ($145000 subtract $60000)
 
        
             
        
        
        
No. of shares outstanding before stock dividend = 634000
Price per share = $46
Stock dividend issued (shares issued) = 634000 x 13%
 = 82,420
Value of stocks issued as stock dividend = 82420 x $46 = $3,791,320
No. of shares outstanding after stock dividend = 634,000 +82,420
=716420
Cash dividend = 716420 x 0.60
 = 429,852
Total reduction in retained earnings = total value of dividend issued
 = $3,791,320 + $429,852
 = $4,221,172