1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
nata0808 [166]
3 years ago
14

During the process of digestion, large food molecules are broken down into small components that can be absorbed into cells that

form the lining of the . 2. circular folds, villi, and microvilli--tiny projections from the surfaces of cells--increase the for absorption. 3. after moving into cells of the intestinal lining, fatty acids and glycerol are recombined into fats, coated with proteins, and transported into , which eventually empty into large veins. 4. sugars and amino acids pass from the intestinal epithelium and into . 5. the nutrient-laden blood from the intestines is carried in the to the liver. 6. the liver removes excess from the blood and stores it as glycogen. 7. the liver also converts nutrients to other essential substances, such as , cholesterol, and fats.
Biology
1 answer:
Alona [7]3 years ago
3 0

1. During the process of digestion, large food molecules are broken down into small components that can be absorbed into cells that form the lining of the small intestine.  Digestion begins in mouth, where large food molecules are broken down mechanically (teeth) and then enzymatically (saliva). Proteases, lipases, amylases, maltases are enzymes that  catalyse the breakdown of macromelocules into the basic molecule units (such as aminoacids, fatty acids glucose) so that they can be absorbed.

2. Circular folds, villi, and microvilli--tiny projections from the surfaces of cells--increase the surface area for absorption.  Those structures can increase the surface area even 30 times. The microvilli also secrete the enzymes which help in the process of breakage. Motor proteins in the microvilli makes them move and this also helps in the process of absorption.

3. After moving into cells of the intestinal lining, fatty acids and glycerol are recombined into fats, coated with proteins, and transported into lymph vessels, which eventually empty into large veins.  These lymphatic vessels are called lacteals. Fatty acids are transported from the intestinal lumen to the enterocyte where they are packed into chylomicrons (combined with proteins). The chylomicrons pass into the lacteals in the form of chyle and finally transported to the bloodstream.

4. Sugars and amino acids pass from the intestinal epithelium and into blood capillaries.  This is a two-stage process:

•  from the lumen into intestinal epithelial cells via membrane transporters (Na-symporters)

• from the cells into the blood (capillaries)

This is possible because epithelial cells of the intestine are polarized, meaning that apical and basolateral ends are different (contain different transporters).

5. The nutrient-laden blood from the intestines is carried in hepatic portal vein the to the liver.  There is a whole system involved in the transport of  blood from parts of the gastrointestinal tract to the liver and it is called the portal venous system. The hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel part of that system that carries blood rich in nutrients extracted from digested contents.

6. The liver removes excess glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen.  There are a few roles of the liver that are involved in the carbohydrate metabolism. The major is the production of glycogen from glucose via glycogenesis. There is also the opposite process, when the organism needs glucose, so it is released from the glycogen via the process glycogenolysis.

7. The liver also converts nutrients to other essential substances, such as plasma proteins, cholesterol, and fats. The liver is responsible for many synthesis processes (anabolic processes) such as synthesis of proteins (aminoacids), clotting factors, cholesterol, lypoproteins. It is involved in lipid metabolism: lipogenesis, and the production of triglycerides. One of the most important proteins synthesized in the liver are thrombopoietin which regulates the production of platelets by the bone marrow and insulin-like growth factor 1 which  plays an important role in childhood growth.


You might be interested in
A retreating glacier forms an are of rocky material. When primary
stiks02 [169]
B lichens is the answer
7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What are all the possible sources of genetic variation in sexuaally repdoucing organisms?
Allushta [10]

Answer:

Mutation, Gene flow/Migration/Immigration of gene and Recombination

Explanation:

For any species there are majorly three sources of genetic variations –  

a) Mutation – This leads to change in the genetic code with in the DNA of an organism. Sometimes mutation does not produce any effect on the organism. Mutation can produce both positive and negative impact. Its effect is observed in long run as its rate is slow.

b) Recombination – When an organism undergoes sex, his/her genes recombine with the genes of mating partner. The rate of recombination is faster than the rate of mutation  

c) Gene flow /Migration/Immigration of gene – In this gene travel from one set of population to the other. The frequency of gene in the mixed population lies between the original population gene frequency and the migrated or donor population gene frequency

7 0
3 years ago
Hydrolysis of which molecule is important for translation initiation, elongation, and termination?
abruzzese [7]

Answer:

D. GTP

Explanation:

Initiation of protein synthesis includes binding of mRNA to small ribosome subunit and initiation aminoacyl tRNA. The pairing of the anticodon of the initiating aminoacyl tRNA and initiation codon of mRNA requires GTP hydrolysis and marks the beginning of protein synthesis.  

Elongation stage of protein synthesis requires movement of the ribosome along the mRNA which in turn is facilitated by GTP hydrolysis. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, the codon of mRNA bind to the respective anticodon of aminoacyl tRNA by using the energy of GTP hydrolysis. The GTPase activity of elongation factor Ef-Tu ensures the fidelity of the process.  

The release factors that recognize the stop codon and serve to mark the termination of protein synthesis use the energy of GTP hydrolysis during the process.

4 0
2 years ago
Ihich of these is the best definition of
BigorU [14]

Answer:

D) the sum of all physical properties of a substance

4 0
3 years ago
What conditions in the graph are most strongly linked to gene?
Vlada [557]
Please link the graph into this question
8 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • 4C302<br> How many molecules are there for the formula above?<br> 12<br> 2<br> 4<br> 3
    9·1 answer
  • How is the flow of energy through a community different from the cycling from the matter?.
    6·1 answer
  • What would become fossils first a fish who died on the ocean floor or a mouse who died on the forest floor
    15·1 answer
  • What is the name given to any object or change in the environment that affects the external or internal state of an organism?
    14·1 answer
  • Client’s labor has progressed to the point where she is 6 cm dilated; however, the fetal head is not engaged. an amniotomy is pe
    15·1 answer
  • The success of plants extending their range northward following glacial retreat is best determined by _____.
    6·1 answer
  • Which of the following are symptoms of encephalitis? a. pain behind the eye c. joint and muscle pain b. inflammation of the brai
    15·1 answer
  • Which shows the most direct path that carbon can take through the carbon cycle?
    6·2 answers
  • Question 1
    15·1 answer
  • A nurse cares for a client who suffered a myocardial infarction two (2) days ago. A high pitched, scratchy, scraping sound is he
    15·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!