Answer:
The effects of iron deficiency on cell culture growth, cell respiration, mitochondrial oxidative properties, and the electron transport chain were studied with suspension-cultured sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) cells. Iron deprivation considerably decreased the initial growth rates and limited the maximum density of the cells. Under these conditions, the cells remained swollen throughout their growth. The absence of iron led to a steady decline in the uncoupled rate of O2 consumption. When the uncoupled rate of O2 uptake closely approximated the respiratory rate, the cells began to collapse. At this stage, the level of all the cytochromes and electron paramagnetic resonance-detectable Fe-S clusters of the mitochondrial inner membrane were dramatically decreased. Nevertheless, it appeared from substrate oxidation measurements that this overall depletion in iron-containing components solely disturbed the functioning of complex II, whereas neither complexes I, III, or IV, nor the machinery involved in ATP synthesis, was apparently impaired in iron-deficient mitochondria. However, our results suggest that the impairment of complex II resulted in a strong reduction of the overall capacity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which was responsible for determining the rate of endogenous respiration in sycamore cells. Finally, this situation led to a depletion of various energy metabolites that could contribute to the premature cell death.
Explanation:
Answer:
7.5
Explanation:
The first note is a half note that is (2 beats). The second note is an 8th note (1/2 a beat). The 3rd note is a whole note (4 beats). The last note is a quarter note so (1 beat).
2+0.5+4+1= 7.5
These are the answers to the following questions:
1. In what type of rocks would geologists most likely find evidence of past life forms?
-igneous rocks
2. The physical, chemical and biological laws that opeate today have also operated in geologic past. This statement relates to the principle of
-cross-cutting relationships
3. In general, the law of superstition states that in an underformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each layer is
-older than the one below it
4. If a layers of sandstone is in contact with a mass of granite that contains small pieces of the sandstone, which rock is older?
-It is not possible to determine which rock is older from this information