Answer:
DNA restriction enzymes cut the DNA molecule, while DNA ligases join the resulting DNA fragments
Explanation:
Transformation is a naturally occurring process by which bacteria incorporate exogenous genetic material from their surrounding environment. This process (transformation) is used for DNA cloning via plasmid vectors. In DNA cloning, transformation occurs after restriction enzymes cut the DNA at specific sequences named palindromic sequences (i.e, sequences that can be read the same in opposite direction). Restriction enzymes can generate sticky-ends, where enzymes make staggered cuts in the two strands (e.g., <em>BamH</em>), or blunt ends, where the resulting strands are of the same length (e.g., <em>HaeIII</em>). In general, sticky-end enzymes are more useful because they generate a 3' overhang in one molecule and a complementary 5' overhang in the other, increasing the yield and specificity of ligation. During ligation, a DNA ligase is used to join both DNA strands by forming phosphodiester bonds in the plasmid. Following transformation, bacteria can be selected on antibiotic plates.
In biological<span> taxonomy, </span>race<span> is an informal rank in the taxonomic hierarchy, below the level of subspecies. ... </span>Races <span>may be genetically distinct phenotypic populations of interbreeding individuals within the same species.
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Answer:
As of plants, bioluminescent algae fix carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight and release oxygen. Further, during this process, they produce light as a part of photosynthesis products. Therefore, the use of bioluminescent algae can reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the environment.
Bioluminescent algae-based lamps are being prepared by scientists to overcome these environmental concerns. Furthermore, these lamps would be used as street lights and reduce energy demands as well (burning of fossil fuels).
