Passive transport is a movement ofbiochemicals and other atomic or molecularsubstances across cell membranes without need of energy input. Unlike active transport, it does not require an input of cellular energy because it is instead driven by the tendency of the system to grow in entropy. The rate of passive transport depends on thepermeability of the cell membrane, which, in turn, depends on the organization and characteristics of the membrane lipids andproteins. The four main kinds of passive transport are simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration and osmosis.
<span>Surface currents are generated largely by wind. Their patterns are determined by wind direction, Coriolis forces from the Earth’s rotation, and the position of landforms that interact with the currents. Surface wind-driven currents generate upwelling currents in conjunction with landforms, creating deepwater currents. </span>
