xamples of less healthy complex carbs include white bread and white rice. Simple Carbohyrates. Many simple carbs containing added sugar, such as table sugar, syrups, candies, and sodas, provide little nutritional value other than being a source of quick energy.
Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
strength build up in your legs and arms,running and doing pushups
Uh I'm not sure because I'm only 15. But if I went into the wrong ramp I would stop and pull over and try to turn around. It's better than driving and causing accidents. I do not want to be responsible for the death of people or injuries.
Grow your hair in front of your face and it won’t matter
