Secondary succession is one of the two types ecological succession of a plants life. As opposed to the first, primary succession, secondary succession is a process started by an event (e.g. forest fire, harvesting, hurricane, etc.) that reduces an already established ecosystem (e.g. a forest or a wheat field) to a smaller population of species, and as such secondary succession occurs on preexisting soil
An obligate fermenter is an organism that is only able to survive via fermentation is not capable of aerobic respiration.
Lactic acid bacteria are gram-positive bacteria that can either be rod-shaped or spherical.
These bacteria are capable of carbohydrate fermentation and the end product of this process of fermentation is lactic acid.
Lactococcus is one such genus of the lactic acid bacteria that is an obligate fermenter. They can ferment glucose and the only product that is produced as a result of fermentation is lactic acid.
Lactococcus are commonly used in the cheese industries to ferment dairy products.