Solution :
Given :
The bonds offer a 
of 4.5% per year
Tax rate = 10% = 0.10
Inflation rate = 2
= + 
= 2 + 4.5
= 6.5
= 
= 
= 5.85
After tax real interest rate = 
-
= 5.85 - 2.0
= 3.85
= 7.0
= +
= 7 + 4.5
= 11.5
= 
= 10.35
= 11.5 x (1 - 0.10)
= 11.5 x 0.90
= 10.35
= -
= 10.35 - 7.0
= 3.35
Putting all the value in table :
Real interest Nominal interest After tax nominal After tax
rate rate interest rate interest rate
2.0 4.5 6.5 5.85 3.85
7.0 4.5 11.5 10.35 3.35
Comparing with the 
, a 
will increase the after after tax real interest rate when the government taxes nominal interest income. This tends to encourage saving, thereby increase the quantity of investment in the economy and the increase the economy's long-run growth rate.
The word "produce" involves the way the product is made and also the materials used. For this item, I would go with the third choice, "Marco uses locally harvested wood from a sustainable tree farm to make his products". This describes the materials used.
ok what’s the question tho
Answer:
cyclical unemployment.
Explanation:
Unemployment rate refers to the percentage of the total labor force in an economy, who are unemployed but seeking to be gainfully employed. The unemployment rate is divided into various types, these include;
I. Cyclical unemployment rate (CU).
II. Frictional unemployment rate (FU).
III. Structural unemployment rate (SU).
IV. Actual unemployment rate (AU).
V. Natural Rate of Unemployment (NU).
A cyclical unemployment can be defined as a type of unemployment which is typically related to changes in the business, economy or industry cycle such as recession, governmental policies etc.
Mathematically, cyclical unemployment rate can be calculated using the formula;
Hence, the increase in unemployment that occurs during recessions and depressions is called cyclical unemployment
Based on the fact that the non-taxable life insurance benefit is $400, the amount that Joseph would have to earn is $555.56.
<h3>How much should Joseph earn?</h3>
This can be found as:
= Non-taxable benefit amount / (1 - tax bracket rate)
Solving gives:
= 400 / (1 - 28%)
= 400 / 0.72
= $555.56
Find out more on non-taxable benefits at brainly.com/question/1581158.
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