Children’s worrying about their academic performance has profound implications for their learning and wellbeing in school. Understanding the contextual and psychological antecedents of students’ worry thus represents an important area of research. Drawing on Eccles and colleagues’ expectancy-value theory and Pekrun’s control-value theory and using data from the Childhood and Beyond Study, we examined the motivational underpinnings of elementary students’ worries about performing poorly in the domains of mathematics and reading (N = 805, grades 3, 4 and 6). With one exception, the analyses confirmed that children’s expectations of success in and valuing of mathematics and reading interacted in predicting children’s worry about these domains. Children’s worry was strongest when they rated their subjective abilities and expected success in mathematics and reading as relatively low but perceived these subjects as valuable. Moderated mediation analyses further suggested that when children’s self-concepts of mathematics and reading ability were low to moderate, students’ perceived parental valuing of their performance in these subjects indirectly positively predicted children’s worry via its positive impact on children’s own subjective valuing of mathematics and reading. Thus, when children perceive high academic performance as potentially difficult to attain, perceived parental valuing might negatively impact their wellbeing in school (by increasing not only their valuing of mathematics and reading, but also their performance-related worrying). Children’s gender, grade level, teacher-rated mathematics and reading aptitude, and prior self-reported worry about mathematics and reading performance were included as control variables in all analyses. I hope I helped you and good luck also I am sorry if this is too much for an answer
Well on the positive side: government can subsidize flu shots which helps the individual who receives the immunization and the community at large by helping prevent the spread of the flu. On the negative side: government taxes gasoline to help curb some of the problems placed on society by your driving <span>your auto (like congestion, pollution, etc).</span>
Answer: Socialism
Explanation: There are different types of socialism, all which depend on how much the government control the economy.
️️ Religion also played a major role in shaping some local cultures; many people who colonized North America were fleeing religious persecution in their home country and implemented strict religious-based rules in the colonies where they settled.
Research by Gelman questioned Piaget's assumptions about young children's ability to understand numbers
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss epistemologist who conducted studies focused on learning and childhood.
One of the aspects Piaget studied was the children understanding of numbers, about this, Piaget proposed the understanding is based on <em>equinumerosity </em>that implies relating two sets of items and understanding whether the sets have more or less items.
This idea was disproven by Gelman who proposed this understanding is based on <em>cardinality </em>that means a specific amount of items is equivalent to a symbol represented as a number.
Learn more in: brainly.com/question/935695