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shepuryov [24]
3 years ago
15

Why is there variation new organisms formed from the joining of two reproductive cells?

Biology
1 answer:
emmainna [20.7K]3 years ago
5 0
<em>when two reproductive cells join together they simply cross over their chromatids exchanging characteristics  so new individual has the characters of both mother and father...</em>
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Proteins, large complex molecules, are major building blocks of all living organisms. Discuss the following in relation to prote
Anastasy [175]

Answer:

Proteins, large complex molecules, are major building blocks of all living organisms. Discuss the following in relation to proteins.

(a) The chemical composition and levels of structure of proteins.

Proteins are chemically macromolecules formed by manomeric units called amino acids. The structural organization of proteins is as follows:  Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary.

(b) The roles of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis

From DNA, ribosomal RNA is formed, a type of RNA present in ribosomes that is responsible for protein synthesis. Therefore, the role of DNA in protein synthesis is essential: without DNA, there are no proteins.

(c) The roles of proteins in membrane structure and transport of molecules across the membrane

Proteins can work by transporting ions in different ways.

Explanation:

(a) The chemical composition and levels of structure of proteins.

Proteins are chemically macromolecules formed by manomeric units called amino acids, these have in their structure a carboxyl group and amino group, attached to the same carbon. To be assimilated by the body, proteins must be degraded in the amino acids that make them up.

The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds. In those bonds, the amino group of one amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of the other.

The structural organization of proteins is as follows:

Primary: Sequence of the amino acids in the chain with peptide bonds.

Secondary: Spatial arrangement of the amino acids of a protein. They stabilize by means of hydrogen bonds. There are two types: the propeller a and the folded blade b.

Tertiary: Three-dimensional arrangement of the polypeptide chain, stabilized by forces of Waals.

Quaternary: Union of weak bonds of arias polypeptic chains that originate a protein complex.

(b) The roles of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis

RNA fulfills numerous functions, the most important being protein synthesis, in which it copies the genetic order contained in the DNA to use it as a standard in the manufacture of proteins and enzymes and various substances necessary for the cell and the organism. For this, it goes to the ribosomes, which operate as a kind of molecular protein factory, and it does so following the pattern that the DNA prints on it.

(c) The roles of proteins in membrane structure and transport of molecules across the membrane

The cells contain proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer of their plasma membranes. These proteins can work by transporting ions in different ways. Then, most of the water-soluble ions and molecules are unable to spontaneously cross the lipid bilayer of the membrane (which act as a barrier) and require the concurrence of special carrier proteins or protein channels. In this way the cell maintains concentrations of ions and small molecules different from those prevailing in the external environment.

7 0
3 years ago
What is science??????????????????/
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Science is the study and learning mechanism of the world and how everything is created as well as used today and billion of years ago

5 0
3 years ago
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What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration with respect to energy
motikmotik
“Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.”
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2 years ago
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A landslide quickly roads sediment on a steep hill. When the landslide reaches the bottom of the hill, it slows down and finally
yarga [219]

Answer:

Deposition

Explanation:

Landslides occur under the effect of gravity. When a mass of rock or earth slides down from a mountain or from a cliff then this phenomenon is termed as Landslide.

Landslides are considered to be a rapid method of erosion.  Wind, waves, running water, glaciers and gravity are the five agents of erosion out of which the gravity influences the process of Landslides.

Landslides occur suddenly and are dangerous example of the movement of earth materials under the influence of gravity. When weathered material falls away from a cliff, it slides down under the effect of gravity and finally after reaching the hill, the material gets deposited there. This is called Deposition by landslides.

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3 years ago
Which of the following will be expected to be activated during times of prolonged starvation? (select all correct answers)
Scilla [17]

Answer:

Option A

Option D

Option F

Explanation:

During the process of continuous starvation for a long period of time, the primary source of energy in body is hepatic gluconeogenesis which is responsible for producing endogenous glucose. Also lipolysis takes place in the adipose tissue to release fatty acid which is then converted into ketone bodies through though mitochondrial β oxidation and ketogenesis. The liver communicates with extrahepatic tissues, including adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and deliver glucose and ketone bodies to muscle and other extrahepatic tissues as fuels.  

Hence, option A, D and F are true.

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3 years ago
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