Answer:
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17.
Step-by-step explanation:
Let "a", "b", and "c" real numbers.
- Commutative Property of Addition states that:

- Associative Property of Addition states that:

- Additive Identity Property states that:
- Commutative Property of Multiplication states that:

- Multiplicative Inverse Property states that:
(
)
Knowing these properties, we can solve the exercise:
13. By the Commutative Property of Addition:

14. By the Associative Property of Addition:

15. By the Additive Identity Property:

16. By the Multiplicative Inverse Property:

17. By the Commutative Property of Multiplication: