So, it can't be a prepositional phrase, right? Those are typically a lot shorter than this and they begin with a preposition. (Often, though not always, a short word like in, on, under, over, before, after . . . you can look them up.)
The other three choices are all clauses. You know what a clause is? A group of words that has a subject and a verb. There are three types listed here: independent (stands on its own), dependent, and subordinate.
"Subordinate" and "dependent" mean the same thing in this context. A dependent clause and a subordinate clause are the same type of clause: they cannot stand alone. There are lots of different kinds of subordinate clauses, but by definition none of them are grammatically independent.
How can you tell a subordinate or dependent clause? Usually by the word it starts with. Subordinating conjunctions (words like although, because, while) begin one type of subordinate clause. Relative pronouns (who/whom/whose, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) begin another type. There's another class that's not so simple, but what all of these clauses have in common is they cannot stand alone as one complete sentence.
In that statement you cite, there's a subject (the Caldecott Medal) and a verb (is awarded) — and, in fact, with that alone you have a simple sentence. Everything else there is just an add-on to that basic sentence.
So this is a complete sentence. In other words, an independent clause.
My translation of these stanzas of the poem "Edward" in modern, familiar English, is as follows: Why is your sword dripping with blood like that, Edward? Why is your sword dripping with blood like that? And why are you going about looking so sad? Oh, I have killed my good hawk, Mother, Oh, I have killed my good hawk And I don’t have another one. Your hawk’s blood was surely not as red as that. I hope this helps
Respecting diversity leads to peaceful living because there will be less racism around the world, people don’t have to be ashamed to have a different race, and people will have flavor. Some people attend to “go back to your country”because they think your gonna destroy this one but if its diverse that wont be an issue.
Sarcasm
is when you say ridicule something or say something mockingly rudely
and harshly. The third sentence is told by the duke on the raft after
the duke and the king, with Huck and Jim in tow,
escaped after tricking some townspeople who were going to throw
vegetables at them. But they knew they were going to do that so they
escaped and took all the money and did not even perform the third show.
That's why this is sarcasm as he is mocking the townspeople saying they
can use the vegetables and fruits to hit them fit and make a picnic.