Answer: 298.9 million years old
Explanation: hope it helps luv ❤✨
The answer is c. oxygen.
Cellular respiration includes glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain (ETC), in that order. The main function of ETC is a production of ATP. In this series of oxidation-reduction reactions, electrons from the previous stages of cellular respiration are taken and transported to the oxygen which is the final acceptor of electrons. As the result, water and ATP are produced.
Answer:
Examples:
- Short-term adaptation: feedback inhibition
- Long-term adaptation: regulation of gene expression
Explanation:
Feedback inhibition is a mechanism where the product of a chemical reaction is utilized to modulate its own subsequent synthesis. In bacteria, feedback inhibition allows regulating different metabolic pathways in response to environmental conditions by modulating enzyme activity through enzyme reaction products. Moreover, bacteria may also respond to environmental inputs by long-term changes in gene expression. For example, bacteria contain transcription factors activated during stress, which are able to activate the transcription of particular genes into messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that would subsequently be used to generate particular enzymes by the process of translation. These transcription factors may bind to specific DNA motifs in order to promote transcriptional activity, thereby regulating the production of the corresponding enzyme.