When the M phase begins during the cell cycle, it starts with prophase
If I’m not wrong this process is called facilitated diffusion
"The set of observable characteristics of an individual..." is what i found on google, so i'm guessing its a.
hope this helps :)
As far as I know, radioactive dating is the measure of radioactive substances in a fossil or something. Like the fossils have a radioactive substance in them, it is the only thing that can show how long the fossils been aging, therefore being able to show the date. And thats how radioactive dating works, and that is how a paleontologist uses it