First, you find the simple subject and simple predicate.
If the '-ing' form of the verb is not part of the simple predicate, then determine how it is used in the sentence. If it's in a noun position, then it's a gerund. If it is used as an adjective, then it will be a participle.
The Italian sonnet was mostly used by Petrarch, and it has a specific structure. It contains 14 lines, separated into one octave (a stanza of 8 lines), and one sestet (a stanza of 6 lines).
When it comes to the relation between the structure and the theme, this means that the octave introduces the idea of love within the sonnet. The poet talks about his beloved and gives us an insight into his feelings. On the other hand, the sestet analyzes his own emotions and explains in further detail why he is so infatuated with the woman (in Petrarch's case, he always wrote about Laura).
Pain in a specific part of the body
If x=0 then they have same value
1st and 2nd options are out
for x=-1
g(-1)=1
h(-1)=-1
3rd is true
4th
false
for all values except zero, g(x)>h(x)
correct ones are
g(x) > h(x) for x = -1.
For positive values of x, g(x) > h(x).
For negative values of x, g(x) > h(x).
I hope this helps!
