Answer:
1.
A. decrease in the Sun's energy
Global climate patterns are dynamic: They are continually changing in response to solar radiation, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, and other climate forcing factors. Among the more predictable of these changes are cyclical changes in solar radiation reaching the poles.
Reference: Stevens, A. (2011) Factors Affecting Global Climate. Scitable
2.
B. by producing more greenhouse gases
A reasonable hypothesis is that any average global temperature increases due to increased atmospheric concentrations of global greenhouse gases will lead to some increase in the rate and amount of melting of polar ice and glaciers.
Reference: Kundzewicz, Z. (2008) Hydrosphere - an overview. ScienceDirect Topics
4.
D. A hurricane carries ocean water across the coast and damages houses of people.
These spheres are closely connected. For example, many birds (biosphere) fly through the air (atmosphere), while water (hydrosphere) often flows through the soil (lithosphere). In fact, the spheres are so closely connected that a change in one sphere often results in a change in one or more of the other spheres. Such changes that take place within an ecosystem are referred to as events
Reference: Cotf (2008) Earth System Science.