After the coup d’état and the resignation of the Directory, one of the First things Napoleon did was to declare himself as the Emperor of France, form a military dictatorship, execute many of the Royalists, present France with a constitution.
The French Constitution was a short lived, and was written after the fall of the ancient regime, declaring France to be a constitutional monarchy. Napoleon established the Napoleonic code that formed the basis of the modern French legal system.
Further Explanation:
The ideals, spirit of energy and reform and the radicalism of the French Revolutionaries appealed to Napoleon Bonaparte. The rise of the bourgeois class to the political front merely on the basis of their merit. The concept of having an aristocratic background for holding a political office fell apart. The glorification of war gave an opportunity to Napoleon to initiate his control by taking back the French town of Toulon. His success led him to rise through the ranks of the French military as a Brigadier. 1795 marked a turning point in the political career of Napoleon, he helped the Directory general Paul Barras, to overthrow a protest of Royalists by utilizing the French armed forces. In 1799, the Directory members reposited their faith in Napoleon for establishing a strong, stable government, withstanding the threat of revolts and coups that could overthrow the newly formed Republican government. His military victories against Austria and Italy (1796) greatly consolidated his position within the Directory. However, he was unsure of the capability of French Naval forces to lead an invasion against England, thereby proposing taking over Egypt to disrupt British trade routes to India. However, his forces were greatly depleted at the Battle of the Nile, following which he abandoned his forces and returned to France.
In 1799, he overthrew the Directory and established a three-member consulate, where his powers were equal to that of the other members. Thus, France resembled a replica of the ancient powerful Roman state. He worked to establish a strong centralized government, reformed the banking and education system, patronized discoveries, sciences and arts, and worked to preserve the French official religion, Catholicism. His most important contribution was in streamlining the French code of law, and has been the basis of the modern French law codes. The constitutional amendment of 1802 made Napoleon a consul general for life, following which he crowned himself Emperor, thereby reinstating the monarchial institution of France.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High school
Subject: History
Chapter: The French Revolution
Keywords:
Constitutional monarchy, coup, Directors, Bourgeois revolution, Napoleonic codes, consuls, monarchy.
