The capital letter is your dominant allele and the lowercase letter is your recessive allele.
For complete dominance, if you have a homozygous dominant genotype (aka two capital letters) or a heterozygous genotype (aka one capital, one lowercase), the dominant phenotype will show.
On the other hand, if you have a homozygous recessive genotype (aka two lowercase letters), the recessive phenotype will show.
For your problems:
1) Yellow, Y, is dominant to blue, y. That means both YY and Yy genotypes will display the dominant phenotype, a yellow body.
If there was a yy genotype, then the recessive phenotype, a blue body, would show.
2) Square, S, is dominant to round, s. That means both the SS and Ss genotypes will display the dominant phenotype, a square shape.
If there was a ss genotype, then the recessive phenotype, a round body, would show.
In a hydra, digestion is completed intracellularly.
Hence option (a) is correct.
Small, freshwater organisms of the phylum Cnidaria and class Hydrozoa are grouped under the genus Hydra. They are indigenous to temperate and tropical climates.
The digestion takes place intracellularly in Hydra.
Because of their ability to regenerate and the fact that they don't appear to age or experience old age, hydra have drawn the attention of biologists.
Like most other cnidarians, hydras have a pretty straightforward digestive system.
They have a two-way digestive system, which differs from mammals in that food and waste enter and exit through the same aperture. A "blind gut" is the name for this configuration.
The center of the hydra's body is occupied by its digestive tract.
Learn more about Hydra here brainly.com/question/1808325
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The molecular clock tracks down nucleotide sequences for DNA or amino acids that contain sequences of proteins. Scientists use this to deduce the time in history where life forms possibly have diverged. This technique is also known as a gene clock or an evolutionary clock.
Speciation start to take place on a genetic level between two isolated populations by Allele frequencies change in different ways.
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The field of study called the population genetics helps us to understand about the composition of a selected population and the frequencies of alleles and how they get changed over a specific period of time. The mechanism called the adaptation mechanism ,mutation and gene flow determines the allele frequency changes in natural population.
Micro evolution refers to the changes in gene pool from one generation to another. Natural selection, mutation, genetic drift and gene flow are considered as the four forces of this evolution. When the allele frequencies starts to get changed in different ways, the Speciation starts to take place.
Genetic Diversity in Plants. Genetic diversity is of fundamental importance in the continuity of a species as it provides the necessary adaptation to the prevailing biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, and enables change in the genetic composition to cope with changes in the environment
