Answer: 1. Magic lantern - 1650s
2. Thaumatrope - April 2, 1825
3. Zoetrope - 1834
4. Phenakistoscope - 1841
5. Flip-book - May 16, 1882
Explanation: Persistence of Vision, while no longer a credible theory, is used to describe optical illusions wherein several discrete images blend into a single image in the human mind and is believed to be the explanation for motion perception in cinema and animated films.
The order in which some of these devices were invented is given as:
1. Magic lantern - invented around the 1600s, they project still images either drawn or painted and instituted the use of projectors.
2. Thaumatrope - is a disk with a picture on each side attached to two pieces of string. When the strings are twirled quickly in between the fingers the two pictures on the disk appear to blend into one as a result of persistence of vision. It was invented in 1825.
3. Zoetrope - 1834 saw the use of this device. It is a "live turning" bowl with images on inner circumference. When spun, you look through slots to perceive motion.
4. Phenakistoscope - creates an illusion of motion with two discs mounted on the same axis. The first disc had slots around the edge while the second disc contained drawings of successive action, drawn around the disc in concentric circles. A mirror is used to view through the slots of the first disc and pictures on the second disc appear to have motion.
5. Flip-books - these were invented by 1882 and they consisted of simple drawings arranged in sequence showing stages of movement with a single staple binding. When the pages were flipped, quite fast, they would create the optical illusion of motion due to persistent vision.
