b: forcing the reader to infer from earlier material what the phrase means
Explanation: Certain truths referring to the assertion made in paragraph 2
The answer to this could be A, the reason I say that is because logical means proper and reasonable way of thinking
That sometimes players make such fantastic touchdowns or goals,that not even the broadcaster or the players can believe they've marked a touchdownÉither they have a very good aim or it was a fluke shot,a shot by chance that entered the goal
1. the valley was very steep. 2. the misty air made it hard to see