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3 years ago

_______ are secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected.

Biology

1 answer:

hammer [34]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

The correct answer will be option B (Interferons).

Explanation:

The innate immune response to viral infection begins with the recognition of pathogen which starts viral host response in organism.

After detection of viral infection cell produces type I interferon's, the protein molecule which interfere with the proliferation of viral cells.

Interferon's provide resistance to viral infection by :

1. Binding to IFN-α/β receptors which activate JAK/STAT pathway.

2. Production of enzymes which leads to the degradation of viral RNA.

3. Induction of ds-RNA-dependent kinase which inactivates the synthesis of proteins.

4. Binding to Natural killer cells which induces lytic activity, killing viral infected cells.

Thus, option B-interferon is the correct answer.

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A woman with normal vision has a son. The woman’s maternal grandfather is color-blind. What is the probability that the son is c

Reptile [31]

Answer:

= $\frac{1}{4}$

Explanation:

Given that the woman’s maternal grandfather is color-blind, then it is possible that the woman is a carrier of color-blind allele.

Then probability that the woman is a carrier of color-blind allele is = $\frac{1}{2}$

So if a carrier woman cross with a normal man

Let say the gene of the carrier woman is: $XX^c$

and the normal man = $XY$

so if we have a cross between $XY$ and $XX^c$ ; we have:

$X$ $Y$

$X$ $XX$ $XY$

$X^c$ $XX^c$ $X^cY$

we can see the offspring to be :

$XX$ =normal unaffected female

$XY$ = normal unaffected male

$XX^c$ = carrier female for color-blind

$X^cY$ = carrier male for color-bind

Then probability that of inheriting defective allele = $\frac{2}{4}$ = $\frac{1}{2}$

Let's not forget that the probability that the woman is a carrier of color-blind allele is = $\frac{1}{2}$

∴ the probability that the son is colorblind = $\frac{1}{2}*\frac{1}{2}$

= $\frac{1}{4}$

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