Answer:
In order to be useful in treating human infections, antibiotics must selectively target bacteria for eradication and not the cells of its human host. Indeed, modern antibiotics act either on processes that are unique to bacteria--such as the synthesis of cell walls or folic acid--or on bacterium-specific targets within processes that are common to both bacterium and human cells, including protein or DNA replication. Following are some examples.
Most bacteria produce a cell wall that is composed partly of a macromolecule called peptidoglycan, itself made up of amino sugars and short peptides. Human cells do not make or need peptidoglycan. Penicillin, one of the first antibiotics to be used widely, prevents the final cross-linking step, or transpeptidation, in assembly of this macromolecule. The result is a very fragile cell wall that bursts, killing the bacterium. No harm comes to the human host because penicillin does not inhibit any biochemical process that goes on within us.
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Explanation:
Answer:
6.4 poison exposures/1000 population, 37.4 poison exposures in children younger than 6 years/1000 children, 1 poison exposure reported to U.S. poison control centers every 15 seconds.
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Answer:
The cells are connected by gap junctions.
Explanation:
A gathering of protein channels, which permits small molecules and ions to move between the neighboring cells is termed as a gap junction. The protein channels that form gap junctions comprise two connexons, of which one is situated in the membrane of one cell that combines and aligns with the connexon of the adjacent cell.
This association produces a spontaneous pathway, which permits the small molecules and ions to pass passively from one cell to another. The gap junctions are found in all the kinds of cells, however, they are not found in skeletal muscle, RBCs, and blood lymphocytes.
Thus, the passing of the fluorescent dye from one cell to another shows that the two cells are connected with the help of gap junctions.
Answer:
The elbow may flex or probate from its current anatomical position
Answer:
failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I, failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II, and failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis. Nondisjunction results in daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy).
Explanation:
